WASHINGTON — Senate Republicans blocked legislation Wednesday that would enshrine a federal right to access contraception, sinking the Democratic-led measure.

The vote on the Right To Contraception Act was 51-39, falling short of the 60 votes needed to defeat a filibuster and move forward in the chambers Republicans said the bill is unnecessary as the use of birth control is already protected under Supreme Court precedent.

Democrats expected the GOP to scuttle the measure and brought it up as an election-year “messaging” push to highlight the contrast between the two parties on reproductive rights, viewing it as a winning issue with independents and swing voters this fall.

“We saw what the Supreme Court did on abortion, and now there’s a real risk they may do the same thing on contraception,” Sen. Elizabeth Warren, D-Mass., said on MSNBC’s “Morning Joe.” “I’m really sick of this idea that the Republicans think they can say two things simultaneously — they can talk to their extremist group and say, ‘I’ll give you everything you want. We are going to ban abortion, IVF, contraception, everything you want,’ and then try to say to the rest of America, ‘Boy, we don’t want any part in that.’”

The legislation, led by Sens. Ed Markey, D-Mass., and Mazie Hirono, D-Hawaii, would establish nationwide rights for individuals to “obtain contraceptives and to voluntarily engage in contraception” and protect health care providers who offer it. It defines contraceptives as “any drug, device, or biological product intended for use in the prevention of pregnancy” and prohibits the federal government or states from enforcing laws or standards that impede that right. It empowers the Justice Department and affected private entities to sue to enforce the new protections.

Top Republicans blasted the vote as a partisan stunt.

“This is a show vote. It’s not serious. It doesn’t mean anything. And, plus, it’s a huge overreach. It doesn’t make any exceptions for conscience, it creates mandates,” said Sen. John Cornyn, R-Texas, who is running to be the next GOP leader in the Senate. “It’s a phony vote because contraception, to my knowledge, is not illegal. And to suggest that somehow it’s in jeopardy, I think, should be embarrassing.”

Democrats argue the bill is necessary because the Supreme Court cannot be trusted to uphold its precedent on protecting the use of contraceptives in the 1965 case Griswold v. Connecticut. They note that when the court invalidated federal abortion rights in 2022, Justice Clarence Thomas wrote separately saying that the court “should reconsider” other precedents like the contraception case. And they cite a recent survey that found 1 in 5 Americans believe the right to contraception is under threat.

“Today, we live in a country where not only tens of millions of women have been robbed of their reproductive freedoms — we also live in a country where tens of millions more worry about something as basic as birth control,” Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer, D-N.Y., said on the floor. “That’s utterly medieval. It’s sickening. It should never happen here in the United States, but because of Donald Trump and the hard right, it’s reality.”

Murkowski, who has long supported reproductive rights, at times putting her at odds with her party, said she had no problem voting for the bill.

“If it’s a messaging bill, my message is: I support a woman’s access to contraception. Pretty simple. So if we’re gonna play messaging, that’s my message,” Murkowski said.

Partisan divides

It’s one of several messaging bills being considered in Congress as the 2024 election nears. Senate Democrats recently brought up a bipartisan border security bill to try and neutralize their political vulnerability on immigration. And the Republican-controlled House recently voted on a bill to prevent non-citizens from voting, a practice that is already illegal and very rare, to elevate the issue with their voters.

Sen. Josh Hawley, R-Mo., said the contraception bill’s concern was unfounded despite the overturning of Roe v. Wade and Thomas’ opinion.

“Nobody’s gonna overturn Griswold,” he said. “No way.”

Hawley said he opposes the bill because it could veer into establishing rights for abortion medication. “It would also make the abortion drug mifepristone — not contraception, but mifepristone, available in all 50 states no matter what the state law is, and that would override my state’s law bunch of states laws, it would take it out of the hands of voters,” Hawley said. “That’s an abortion issue. That’s not a contraception issue.”

Mifepristone is an abortion drug, not a contraceptive designed to prevent pregnancy.

On Tuesday, Senate Republicans held a lengthy lunch meeting in which lawmakers disagreed on the path forward for Wednesday’s vote, according to two people in the room.

Some Republicans felt it’d be beneficial to go on “offense” by voting to begin debate on the bill rather than filibustering it from the start. That includes Collins, who offered to strip out “the awful parts” of the bill, according to Sen. Ron Johnson, R-Wis.

“I thought that was a good idea, as opposed to just voting and moving on,” Johnson said on Wednesday.

Johnson, who has previously criticized GOP leadership for being too cooperative with Democrats, this time leveled criticism at party leaders during the meeting, primarily Minority Leader Mitch McConnell, R-Ky., for not negotiating ahead of time with Schumer, according to the sources.

“There was no engagement. We had no leadership on this whatsoever. And listen, there are a lot of smart people in that room, but you know, you need a leader,” Johnson added.

Cornyn pressed for “unanimity” during the meeting. Later, he said they discussed voting to begin debate and using that time to offer an alternative bill by Sen. Joni Ernst, R-Iowa. Others said that extending the process would at the very least tie up the Senate floor so that Democrats couldn’t move forward with other planned messaging bills as soon as next week, including on IVF protections.

But ultimately, the broad consensus during the meeting was to quickly move on from the contraceptives vote, according to the sources. Just days before the vote, 11 Senate Republicans — including Johnson and Ernst — signed a letter vowing to oppose all Democratic legislation and judicial nominees to protest Donald Trump’s guilty verdict in New York.